Now Im modeling the nano pulsed laser heating a nano-object to predict the temperature of the object and the air around it. The tutorial forms part of a video series aimed at demonstrating laser machining fundamentals using finite element analysis (FEA).Reference Articles: 1. Then I can attach the two models together. I want to simulate phase change with laser heating over metal ( solid material ) to see how laser melt it. The transient thermal response of the wafer is shown. Both modules can solve for laminar and turbulent fluid flow. In this blog post, we have looked at the various modeling techniques available in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment for modeling the laser heating of a solid material. If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. Hitesh D. Vora, Narendra B. Dahotre, Surface topography in three-dimensional laser machining of structural alumina, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Volume 19,2015, Pages 49-58, ISSN 1526-6125,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2015.04.002. Both of these material properties can be functions of temperature. Get the latest business insights from Dun & Bradstreet. The beam envelope method solves the full Maxwells equations when the field envelope is slowly varying. The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as a spatially distributed heat source on the surface. Depending upon the degree of transparency, different approaches for modeling the laser heat source are appropriate. Mehr lesen It would be very helpful if there was an example in similar description format as the one using the Beer-Lambert Law. You could simply add heat transfer in solids, and then use the laser-heating multiphysics coupling. I was thinking of drawing two separate geometries:- Which one is the best for Laser Ablation? These couplings are automatically set up when you add the Laser Heating interface under Add Physics. 3. Vora, H.D., Santhanakrishnan, S., Harimkar, S.P. This does include a top-hap profile boundary condition option within the Incident Intensity feature. In cases where the material is opaque, or very nearly so, at the laser wavelength, it is appropriate to treat the laser as a surface heat source. The beam envelope method can be combined with the Heat Transfer in Solids interface via the Electromagnetic Heat Source multiphysics couplings. This collimated, coherent, and single frequency light source can be used as a very precise heat source in a wide range of applications, including cancer treatment, welding, annealing, material research, and semiconductor processing. Since the beam direction is known, the finite element mesh can be very coarse in the propagation direction, thereby reducing computational costs. I have some questions: 2 Video Discussions on Multiphysics Simulation of Optics and Photonics, Developing a Silicon MEMS Chip for On-Demand DNA Synthesis, Modeling a Pacemaker Electrode in COMSOL Multiphysics. When using a surface heat load, you must manually account for the absorptivity of the material at the laser wavelength and scale the deposited beam power appropriately. To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Specification Chart and make use of a free evaluation license. The full-wave approach requires a finite element mesh that is fine enough to resolve the wavelength of the laser light. The full-wave approach requires a finite element mesh that is fine enough to resolve the wavelength of the laser light. Modeling Laser-Material Interactions with the Beer-Lambert Law, Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, https://www.comsol.com/model/time-to-frequency-fft-analysis-of-a-distributed-bragg-reflector-89811, https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639, https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics. A laser beam focused through two lenses. Laser Heating of a Silicon Wafer Application ID: 13835 A silicon wafer is heated up by a laser that moves radially in and out over time. Liquids and gases (and plasmas), of course, can also be heated by lasers, but the heating of fluids almost always leads to significant convective effects. In addition, the wafer itself is rotated on its stage. The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as a spatially distributed heat source on the surface. The scenarios investigated are: - Stationary laser with constant power - CW mode - Stationary laser with pulsed power - Pulsed mode - Moving laser with constant power - CW mode Assumptions The losses in the sphere and the surrounding electric field magnitude are plotted, along with the mesh. Surface heating and volumetric heating approaches are presented, along with a brief overview of the heat transfer modeling capabilities. The absorption within domains is modeled via a complex-valued refractive index. FORTUM POWER AND HEAT POLSKA SP Z O O has 419 employees at this location and generates $222.77 million in sales (USD). Surface heating and volumetric heating approaches are presented, along with a brief overview of the heat transfer modeling capabilities. A good example to build upon is: Typically, the output of a laser is also focused into a narrow collimated beam. For questions related to your modeling, please contact our Support team. Both modules can solve for laminar and turbulent fluid flow. The transient thermal response of the wafer is . I have problem modeling radiation heat transfer in a slab. This is the case when modeling a focused laser light as well as waveguide structures like a Mach-Zehnder modulator or a ring resonator. Modeling the temperature rise and heat flux within and around the material additionally requires the Heat Transfer in Solids interface. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. 2- An optical fiber cable A constant radiation hits an slab and part of that is transferred through the slab, part is absorbed within the slab and part is reflected. A silicon wafer is heated up by a laser that moves radially in and out over time. This information will be useful in guiding you toward the appropriate approach for your modeling needs. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4709-8For consultations, contact us at:E-mail: info@nemantu.co.za / chemisimcorner@gmail.com Furthermore, this example may also be defined and modeled using components from the following product combinations: The combination of COMSOL products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. If the heated objects are much larger than the wavelength, but the laser light itself is converging and diverging through a series of optical elements and is possibly reflected by mirrors, then the functionality in the Ray Optics Module is the best option. The question is quite simple , in RF (frequency domain) we can find , A(), R() , () : absorption ,refrection and transimition as a function of frequency. In this video, you learn how to model a moving laser heat source (pulsed and continuous wave mode) in COMSOL Multiphysics. Within this blog post, we will neglect convection and concern ourselves only with the heating of solid materials. A good example to build upon is: Liquids and gases (and plasmas), of course, can also be heated by lasers, but the heating of fluids almost always leads to significant convective effects. The interface also includes various boundary conditions for modeling convective heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere or fluid, as well as modeling radiative cooling to ambient at a known temperature. When laser light hits a solid material, part of the energy is absorbed, leading to localized heating. This technique is suitable for modeling heat transfer within a material, where there is significant heat flux inside the material due to radiation. The resultant surface heat source is shown. Is the Microwave heating physic suitable for use in this case? Laser light heating a gold nanosphere. Beer-Lambert Law If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. Laser heating of a semitransparent solid modeled with the Beer-Lambert law. An example of this approach from our Application Gallery can be found here. A good example of using the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface: Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, as illustrated below. Despite the nomenclature, the RF Module and the Microwave Heating interface are appropriate over a wide frequency band. If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. You can use the Beer-Lambert law approach if you know the incident laser intensity and if there are no reflections of the light within the material or at the boundaries. But, f you want some inspiration for such cases, see: https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/. In some cases, you may expect that there is also a fluid that provides significant heating or cooling to the problem and cannot be approximated with a boundary condition. A question that we are asked all of the time is if COMSOL Multiphysics can model laser-material interactions and heating. Additionally, the RF Module offers a Microwave Heating interface (similar to the Laser Heating interface described above) and couples the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface to the Heat Transfer in Solids interface. Also what I find interesting and very valuable is a 3D guassian Maxwell representation for a laser. This is the case when modeling a focused laser light as well as waveguide structures like a Mach-Zehnder modulator or a ring resonator. Which one is the best for Laser Ablation? Hello adried, Note that you can also solve a time-domain model, as in: https://www.comsol.com/model/time-to-frequency-fft-analysis-of-a-distributed-bragg-reflector-89811. Thermo-Structural Effects on a Cavity Filter. I want to simulate phase change with laser heating over metal ( solid material ) to see how laser melt it. The approach is appropriate if the wave vector is approximately known throughout the modeling domain and whenever you know approximately the direction in which light is traveling. The question is quite simple , in RF (frequency domain) we can find , A(), R() , () : absorption ,refrection and transimition as a function of frequency. The answer, of course, depends on exactly what type of problem you want to solve, as different modeling techniques are appropriate for different problems. This example investigates the electrical performance of a cascaded cavity filter operating in the millimeter-wave 5G band with temperature changes. In general this problem can be solved in a lot and different geometries using ports. The CFD Module, however, has certain additional turbulent flow modeling capabilities, which are described in detail in this previous blog post. An example of this approach from our Application Gallery can be found here. I already know the absorptance, reflectance and transmittance of the slab. If the material interacting with the beam has geometric features that are comparable to the wavelength, we must additionally consider exactly how the beam will interact with these small structures. For those interested in using this approach, this tutorial model from our Application Gallery provides a great starting point. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68, 6983 (2013). This is most easily done with the Deposited Beam Power feature (shown below), which is available with the Heat Transfer Module as of COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.1. Email: support@comsol.com, I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL. This approach assumes that the laser light beam is perfectly parallel and unidirectional. Stay tuned! Since the beam may scatter in all directions, the mesh must be reasonably uniform in size. The beam envelope method solves the full Maxwells equations when the field envelope is slowly varying. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version How can I describe the laser beam as Gaussian beam in Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency domain? The COMSOL Sales and Support teams are available for answering any questions you may have regarding this. Please advise. Today, we will discuss various approaches for simulating the heating of materials illuminated by laser light. 1- A spherical nanoparticle Here, we need to use the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface, which is available in both the Wave Optics Module and the RF Module. Imagine I excite a laser beam in frequency domain, I solve the problem for all frequencies of interest, can I get with an inverse Fourier Transform ( FREQUENY TO TIME ) the Reflectivity as a function of time or/and space? Stay tuned! Dear Amir, These techniques do not directly solve Maxwells equations, but instead treat light as rays. Any of these properties can be temperature dependent. Laser light is very nearly single frequency (single wavelength) and coherent. The approach is appropriate if the wave vector is approximately known throughout the modeling domain and whenever you know approximately the direction in which light is traveling. Optimizing an NIV Mask Design with Multiphysics Simulation, How to Use State Variables in COMSOL Multiphysics, The Quest for Clarity: Tracing Rays in 3 Telescope Designs. Here, we need to use the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface, which is available in both the Wave Optics Module and the RF Module. What may help: go to "Community" on the COMSOL website. The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as a spatially distributed heat source on the surface. With the full-field, now I dont know how to put the laser beam into the model. This infrared light will be neither coherent nor collimated, so we cannot use any of the above approaches to describe the reradiation within semitransparent media. A surface heat source assumes that the energy in the beam is absorbed over a negligibly small distance into the material relative to the size of the object that is heated. I have problem modeling radiation heat transfer in a slab. By providing your email address, you consent to receive emails from COMSOL AB and its affiliates about the COMSOL Blog, and agree that COMSOL may process your information according to its Privacy Policy. For those interested in using this approach, this tutorial model from our Application Gallery provides a great starting point. The beam envelope method can be combined with the Heat Transfer in Solids interface via the Electromagnetic Heat Source multiphysics couplings. For questions related to your modeling, please contact our Support team. Imagine I excite a laser beam in frequency domain, I solve the problem for all frequencies of interest, can I get with an inverse Fourier Transform ( FREQUENY TO TIME ) the Reflectivity as a function of time or/and space? Do you have example for top-hat square model? Which field should I use for the simulation, the scattered field has Gaussian beam background wave type or full-field? The interface also includes various boundary conditions for modeling convective heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere or fluid, as well as modeling radiative cooling to ambient at a known temperature. The heating of liquids and gases and the modeling of phase change will be covered in a future blog post. The lenses heat up due to the high-intensity laser light, shifting the focal point. hello In this approach, light is treated as a ray that is traced through homogeneous, inhomogeneous, and lossy materials. One-dimensional multipulse laser machining of structural alumina: evolution of surface topography. Teams are available for answering any questions you may have regarding this a href= https. Wave Optics Module, however, has certain additional turbulent flow modeling capabilities, which are described detail For a laser is treated as a moving heat source on the surface relatively. 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