capsicum diseases and control pdf

https://www.nexles.com/eu/syngenta-fungicide-ridomil-gold-mz-68-wg-250-g.html, https://www.nexles.com/eu/adama-insecticide-crops-mavrik-2-f-5-ml.html, https://www.nexles.com/articles/pepper-capsicum-annuum-information-tips-for-growing-and-looking-after-this-vegetable. In pepper culture technology, applying phytosanitary treatments is a technological link. For information on seed treatment and soil disinfection click here; the pepper culture must not follow tomatoes, eggplant, pepper or potato, as the soil can be infected; manifested by the appearance of mosaic spots on. chemical treatments with Ortiva 250 SC, Score 250 EC, Bravo 500 SC, Polyram DF; . The virus has a large circle of hosts, annual and perennial species, which are reservoirs of infection. Chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens) cultivation has existed for several hundred years as a sustainable form of agriculture. In the event of a severe attack, aphids can cause the death to of the plant. Disclaimer: As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. It can develop 6-10 generations per year and it winters in the adult stage, especially as a female (males are generally less rare), under the scuffed bark of trees, under the fallen leaves, on dry weeds or in the superficial soil layer, etc. Generally yellow spots appear on the leaves and the leaves get a mosaic aspect. A shot hole appearance on a leaf infected with bacterial spot. ); periodic insecticide treatments will be carried out to control insect pests; eliminating attacked plants from the crop; eliminating attacked plants from the culture; destruction of host and segmented plants; combating the insects that carry mycoplasmosis; eliminating attacked plants from culture; the use of healthy seeds from certified sources; pepper culture should not be grown on land where tomatoes, aubergines, peppers or potatoes were planted; chemical treatments with fungicides based on copper should be applied: Zeama bordeleza, Champ 77 WG, Copernico Hi Bio, Melody Compact 49 WG, Funguran OH 50 WP; Warning! Damping off is a severe issue that can spread from one seed cell tray to another, and if affects many different plant species. The seeds of the affected fruit contain the infectious mycelium of the fungus. Fruit may also be affected, developing chlorotic or necrotic spots, ring spots or mosaics. After these symptoms occur, the wilt and drying of the plant takes place. The virus has a large circle of hosts, annual and perennial species, which creates reservoirs of infection throughout the year. The fungus can often be seen growing as a white mycelial mat growing on the stem and the surrounding soil. Growing peppers is a lot of fun, but it doesnt always work out perfectly. In Europe, peppers arrived in the 15th century, and in Romania they were grown only starting with the 19th century. Two consecutive treatments with the same product should not be applied. The colored spore mats seen on the fruit features are characteristic of this disease. The attack is manifested through the appearance of circular and deep spots on the surface of the fruit. By then the non-inoculated, control plants started flowering, whereas flowering was delayed in the viroid-inoculated plants (Fig. They can also be spread by contact of infected plants, and are most problematic in dry weather. On the fruit, the attack occurs in the form of brown, damp spots, and in high humidity conditions, on the surface of the stains a greyish fuz appears. Adults and larvae colonize the leaves, often also the sprouts. Make up a 10% solution of trisodium phosphate (TSP) with water and soak the seed for two hours, stirring occasionally. eliminating attacked plants from the culture; . On the attacked plants, a leaf discoloration appears, followed by wilting. Its larvae are the ones that are harmful. cookielawinfo-checkbox-others. The attacked ones wither and bend over to the ground. . Is the active capsicum used in any insect baits? This disease occurs throughout Europe, but the worst damage is reported in the eastern part of the continent. I hope this article helped you diagnose your pepper plant problems. It happens to us too! I have learned alot from all your info.Got a weird one for yah. treatments with Actara 25 WG, Mavrik 2 F, Karate Zeon 50 CS, Decis Mega 50 EW; has several generations per year. Immediately after hatching, the larvae flow through the soil in search of roots. It is commonly found in former tobacco fields, and can wreak havoc on entire crops if not caught early. Copyright 2022 Pepper Geek | Privacy Policy. It is a fungicide with double action: systemic and contact. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Thankfully, there are preventative measures you can take against most of them. The fungus resists during winter in the soil. We've encountered a problem, please try again. On a hanging branch, not touching the ground or anything else, there are several round, white, milky to the touch areas on the tiny, new branches. For example, in botany, a fruit is a ripened ovary or carpel that contains seeds; e.g., an apple, pomegranate, tomato or a pumpkin. If it is discovered, this pepper plant problem should be dealt with immediately. Utpal Kumar Singh, IAS, JS (PP). They are polyphagous species that migrate from one plant to another or from one species to another. This causes the drying of the leaves, and in severe cases, it can dry the entire plant. On the surface of the spots a dark-grey colour is formed, which is the fructification of the fungus. It is most common in the Southeastern US. Insects prick the plant and suck the cell juice, causing a stress on the plant. Yellow spots appear on the leaves, which then get covered with a mycelium white felt. It is very important to know the diseases and pests that attack this plant, and to apply the necessary plant protection products correctly and efficiently. They grow on any kind of plant or tree, and then migrate and attack crops. Various capsicum diseases and control pdf guide us for the diagnosis and management of these diseases. Symptoms are evident in wet weather, when bacterial exudate flows from the wounds. Bridging the Gap Between Data Science & Engineer: Building High-Performance T How to Master Difficult Conversations at Work Leaders Guide, Be A Great Product Leader (Amplify, Oct 2019), Trillion Dollar Coach Book (Bill Campbell). The attacked organs turn yellow and deform. It manifests through the appearance of wet and soft yellowish-green spots on the fruit of the plant. The first symptom is the wilting of the the plant to wilt. https://www.nexles.com/eu/syngenta-fungicide-ridomil-gold-mz-68-wg-250-g.html. On the fruit, the attack occurs in the form of brown, damp spots, and in high humidity conditions, on the surface of the stains a greyish fuz appears. It is a polyphagous species, commonly found in protected areas (greenhouses and solariums). Initial symptoms of infection are the formation of small, circular, water-soaked spots on leaves, stems, petioles and/or peduncles; the lesions mature to have white to brown centers surrounded by a brown to red or purple border; as the lesions expand, they may develop a water-soaked outer edge and dark outer ring which gives the lesions a concentric appearance; mature lesions are brittle and cracked in the center; lesions may be between 0.3 and 1.3 cm (0.10.5 in) in diameter; Cercospora leaf spot is mainly a disease of tropical and subtropical countries and occurs mainly in Africa, South America, Asia and the West Indies. It is produced byPhythophtora infestans. Anthracnose A characteristic symptom is the crown rot and black lesion at the crown region which is indicative of the disease. Pepper Geek takes part in various affiliate programs. Sunburn is caused by the action of radiation from the sun. Standing water is the only way that blight mold spores can multiply and spread. treatments with Decis Mega 50 EC (0.2 l / ha), Confidor Energy (0.6 l / ha), Mospilan 20 SG (1.5 g / 12 l water), Actara 25 WG; ) is a polyphagous species, commonly found in protected areas (greenhouses and solariums). instead, integrated and pragmatic virus control measures should be sought that combine (1) cultural practices that reduce sources of virus inoculum and decrease the rate of spread of viruliferous vectors into the pepper crop, (2) synthetic insecticides, which should be used judiciously and only when the plants are young and most susceptible to The appearance of anthracnose is favoured by high temperatures (over 30 degrees) and humidity. ); chemical treatments with Thiovit Jet (4 kg / ha), Topas 100 EC (0.5 l / ha), Systhane Plus 24 E, Karathane M 35, Kumulus DF; Warning! The disease is transmitted by several species of aphids (plant lice) as well. Examples of hosts are: Shepherds Purse, Common Chickenweed, White dead-nettle, etc. It develops well if a proper culture technology is in place. Despite being a single species, C. annuum has many forms, with a variety of names, even in the same language. AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017, Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, Harry Surden - Artificial Intelligence and Law Overview, No public clipboards found for this slide. The mycelia will develop sclerotia which are light tan to dark brown pathogen survives in the soil or in plant debris, volunteers and weeds. Capsicums are susceptible to viruses, for which there is no direct control. Wherever the infected water flows, the spores will follow. First, they prune the epidermis of the leaves, then enter the inside of the fruit, where the pulp and the seeds are consumed, rendering it unusable. This also saves our crop from being destroyed by the pathogen. The source of infection is represented by the host plants (field bindweed, dodder, orache) or diseased plants (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, potatoes) and is transmitted to healthy plants by several cicada species (insects). In the event of a severe attack, aphids can cause the death to of the plant. The source of infection is represented by the host plants (field bindweed, dodder, orache) or diseased plants (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, potatoes) and is transmitted to healthy plants by several cicada species (insects). It is one of the most important diseases of seedlings. A. Rana Agronomy 2021 Hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a major spice crop and is used worldwide for its nutritional value. The most common symptom is sudden wasting of succulent tissues, such as young stalks and leaves. The pest grows in greenhouse conditions throughout the year and in the field only during the summer. The internodes and branches of the plant are short, which results in a clumped appearance. All have a little gloss at the tips? The bacteria plugs up the vascular tissue of the plant, making it impossible for water to be transferred throughout the plant. Keep a close eye on your plants, look out for any changes, and most importantly, keep them healthy and happy with enough nutrients, water and sunlight! The disease is transmitted by several species of aphids (plant lice) as well. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); TheSuperHealthyFood Copyright 2022. Phytophthora-tolerant pepper cultivars were also evaluated in an adjacent trial 2009 Field Trial. Pepper plants can grow 1 m (3.3 ft) tall and are usually grown as annuals in temperate regions for only one growing season. Plant development, symptomatology, and seed yield. On the fruit, the attack occurs in the form of brown, damp spots, and in high humidity conditions, on the surface of the stains a greyish fuz appears. You may use . 6. Despite being a single species, C. annuum has many forms, with a variety of names, even in the same language. This disease occurs throughout Europe, but the worst damage is reported in the eastern part of the continent. Damping Off. After the attack, the leaves get etiolated, dry and fall off. They control the various diseases, insects and weeds that affect the crop and can cause severe economic loss in modern high intensity growing . Crop rotation is therefore recommended, with an interval of three years between capsicum crops. It attacks the lower part of the leaves, floral blooms and fruits. It is primarily caused by a lack of calcium within the plant which leads to an inability to form the fruits skin. This (the exudate) is installed on the seeds, in the soil and on the vegetal remains, ensuring the transmission of the bacteriosis. Plant your peppers in a raised bed or in pots to improve drainage. For more info on dealing with aphids, read here. Phytophthora blight is a pepper plant disease that is spread by a soil-borne pathogen. The present invention relates to a kind of control method of capsicum virus disease, including the steps1From disease-resistant varietySelect early-maturing variety2Carry out soil disinfectionCleared fallen leaves, weeds and root stubble, are carried out disinfection with 200 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or " shuang xiao ling " before . In pepper culture technology, applying phytosanitary treatments is a technological link. At first the plants suffer from temporary wilting, but in the end, the process is irreversible. A number of phytopatogenic fungi (Example: Alternariosis) can appear on the affected area. The larvae dig in the form of serpentines on the leaf surface. First, they prune the epidermis of the leaves, then enter the inside of the fruit, where the pulp and the seeds are consumed, rendering it unusable. It can develop 6-10 generations per year and it winters in the adult stage, especially as a female (males are generally less rare), under the scuffed bark of trees, under the fallen leaves, on dry weeds or in the superficial soil layer, etc. This pest infestation increases with increased temperature coupled with high humidity. The fungus lives in the soil, being widespread by water or agricultural tools and agricultural machinery. At the collar region of the stem you will notice a brown blighted section. Tobacco mosaic virus This, coupled with the increasing concern over the impact of over- or misuse of insecticides on the environment, growers, and consumers, means that there should be less reliance on insecticides to control the vectors of viruses infecting pepper crops. Tomato spotted wilt disease is caused by Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) (Tospovirus, Bunyaviridae), a virus that severely damages and reduces the yield of many economically important plants worldwide and actually it is a major disease affecting the production of tomato and pepper in Italy. The disease is common to all plants in the Solanaceae family (tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, eggplants) and it is produced by a mycoplasma. We've updated our privacy policy. Calcium deficiency is a change that occurs very often in vegetable crops. It has an omnivorous diet, feds with vegetal substrates, live prey (earthworms and various larvae) or insect corpses. Biological control for Fungal and Bacterial leaf spots 3. Happy pepper gardening. The type of pest will often determine the best solution. Attack is common on leaves, fruits and seeds, rarely on stems and roots. On the strains, the disease produces elongated cracks, which are browning. The root-knot nematodes (Meloidoyne spp) has several generations per year. Symptoms vary depending on the cultivated variety of pepper. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Tap here to review the details. Sad but true, capsicum is one of the most attacked vegetable crops. The transmission of the disease is mainly caused by trips. Here are six of the most common pepper plant diseases: Bacterial leaf spot is one of the more common infections in pepper plants. On the upper side of the leaves, watery spots appear, which later become brownish. In the event of an attack, the tissues of the strains at the soil level become black, watery and decompose. Immediately after hatching, the larvae flow through the soil in search of roots. vegetation treatments with Previcur Energy, Merpan 50 WP, Captan 80 WDG, Folpan 80 WDG; is a very important element in a plants life, but most often it is ignored by cultivators. Would love to know if this is a bad thing? Aphids: These suck the cell sap from the leaves and petioles and cause . However, others are small and come in large numbers to feast on your pepper plants. Various capsicum diseases and control pdf guide us for the diagnosis and management of these diseases. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Insects prick the plant and suck the cell juice, causing a stress on the plant. The origin, geographical distribution and significance worldwide, botany and culture of pepper plants are also discussed in the introduction. In severe cases, it can lead to plant defoliation. The virus has a large circle of hosts, annual and perennial species, which are reservoirs of infection. symptoms as stunting of plants, shortened internodes, and inadequate development of roots, malformation of leaves, inadequate production of The leaves appear to be discoloured, the plant stagnates in growth, the flowers remain sterile or form small and deformed fruits. The following is about Chilli Pests and Diseases, Symptoms, Control Measures. The attacked plants are smaller than the healthy ones and produce a smaller amount of fruit. Some common fungal diseases known to afflict pepper plants are: Powdery Mildew. crop elimination from soil cultivation and disinfection in the respective region; substrate disinfection and seed treatment before sowing. brief knowledge f capsicum disease and their management. Stem lesions on pepper caused by Southern blight, Sudden wilting of leaves; yellowing foliage; browning stem above and below soil; browning branches; stem may be covered with fan-like mycelial mat, Fungus can survive in soil for long periods; disease emergence favored by high temperatures, high humidity and acidic soil; disease found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, including the southern United States. The damages produced are direct, by eating the root system of the plants (cutting off the strains of the plant when it is rising or it is replanted). Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Management practices: Maintain proper water drainage in fields, to prevent spread of leaf blight & wilt diseases. It depends on how it looks. It is very important to know the diseases and pests that attack this plant, and to apply the necessary plant protection products correctly and efficiently. They appear as a colony on the underside of the leaves, on the flowers or inflorescences and on young sprouts. Pepper Anthracnose- Collectotrichumspp. Here is a problem faced by first-time and veteran pepper growers alike. seedlings will be produced in areas where no other solanaces (tomatoes, eggplants, etc.) Due to Powdery mildew of pepper, produced by Leveillula taurica. They colonize the tops, flowers, and leaves of the plant, causing flower abortions and plant dwarfism. It is produced by Xanthomonas campestris bacteria, which often attacks tomato crops as well. They evolve and cause necrosis of the attacked tissue. Blockchain + AI + Crypto Economics Are We Creating a Code Tsunami? chemical treatments with Mavrik 2 F, Confidor Energy, Novadim Progress, Decis Mega 50 EW, Karate Zeon 50 CS; This pest occurs frequently in protected areas and less in the field. The fungus attacks the greenhouse, solarium and field crops. This study aimed to assess the action of the homeopathic preparations Sulphur 30CH Harvester xl is not part of our product catalog and we do not have any information about it. It causes yellowish spots on the leaves which may turn brown or enlarge, and will cause leaf drop. Vital information on the symptoms, spread, hosts and control of these diseases are clearly detailed in the table over the page (Table 1). The attacked leaves dry up and fall, defoliations being recorded, which can sometimes contain 80-100% of the leaf count. The affected tissues become brown and dry. Can an infected bell pepper plant with lots of fresh leaf shoots on the stem be treated using a fungicide?? In a slight attack, the bacteria can cause the appearance of necrotic spots on the leaves, and a severe attack may cause the appearance of these spots on all the aerial organs of the plant. Diseases CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS IN PEPPER: Dwarfing and [] Some diseases are irreversible, other issues can be dealt with within a single growing season. The affection manifests on the top of the fruit and causes the browning of the tissues. Capsicums are also affected by soil-borne diseases such as Fusarium rot, Sclerotinia rot, Rhizoctonia stem canker, and root knot nematode. The attacked ones wither and bend over to the ground. If you cant use a raised bed or pot, try mounding up the soil around each plant to avoid standing water at the base of the plants. The first effects of viroid infections in C. annuum cv. As a result of the attack, there is a halt in the growth of the sprouts and a premature ripening of the fruits. As the disease develops, the mildew covers the entire leaf and becomes dusty. Another very common pepper plant issue is mosaic virus. RAMJAN, Production technology of leafy vegetable. The attacked plants are smaller than the healthy ones and produce a smaller amount of fruit. Keywords:Cultural management; Durable resistance; Emerging disease; Epidemiology; Integrated disease management; Nonpersistent; Persistent; Resistance pyramiding; Semipersistent. Love all the info you put out. crops and their incidences has increased considerably over the past 30 years, particularly in tropical and subtropical pepper production systems. ); periodic insecticide treatments will be carried out to control insect pests; eliminating attacked plants from the crop; can be foundon all continents. The most affected organs of the plants are the fruits. During severe infections, the diseases could cause 25% loss. Sounds like a drum when tapped, What you are describing might be the fruit rot or early blight, anthracnose or lack of calcium. Speaker Stem rot Stem rot is characterized by water soaked light browner coloured patches on any part of the plant branches, they decay and all the leaves drop off with wilting symptoms. Symptoms are evident in wet weather, when bacterial exudate flows from the wounds. Insecticides based on Imidacloprid should not be applied during blossom because they are harmful to bees. Dwarfing and narrowing of leaves in the pepper bush produced by the pathogen calledCucumber mosaic virus in pepper. Kitchen gardening pest control By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Consultant KP Food havest manangement and processing of Cloves.. Introduction and scope of Plant Physiology, Tomato capsicum cucumber disease in Hindi ppt, Irresistible content for immovable prospects, How To Build Amazing Products Through Customer Feedback. The pepper skin will develop dark, soft spots, usually on the bottom of the fruits. It is common to see entire trays of plants perish when damping off disease occurs, so take good care to prevent it. TSWV is transmitted by thrips, which can only acquire the virus as larvae and transmits it as an adult. Capsicum is a plant that occupies an important place amongthe worldwide vegetable. What is this and should I be worried? The manifestations of this type are sunburn and calcium deficiency. With so many possible causes, treating curled pepper leaves can be tricky. Chilli Pests and Diseases and their control methods:. It is a waxy white insect that is extremely difficult to control with crop chemicals and is best controlled by natural predators. The fungus gets inside the plant through the root system, and in favourable conditions, it dries the plant in two weeks. The leaves appear to be discoloured, the plant stagnates in growth, the flowers remain sterile or form small and deformed fruits. Symptoms begin as a small, water soaked light brown spot at the blossom end of the fruit. My Question: Does imidacroplid cause flower abortions? Remove plant debris and weeds. To prevent or control dieback disease in capsicum plant spray Ziram 0.25%. These are the environmental conditions in which the bacteria can spread most easily. are grown; destroying the host plants (weeds) in the crop and around the plot; the pepper culture will be isolated from other crops of solanaces (tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes, etc. Solanum melongena and Cucurbita sp. Wilting of the pepper plant (Fusarium) produced by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Rainfall will have less time to sit on the surface of the soil and spread the pathogen in a raised bed or a potted plant. In a slight attack, the bacteria can cause the appearance of necrotic spots on the leaves, and a severe attack may cause the appearance of these spots on all the aerial organs of the plant. Generally yellow spots appear on the leaves and the leaves get a mosaic aspect. Attack is common on leaves, fruits and seeds, rarely on stems and roots. Bacterial pathogenic spotting produced by Xanthomonas campestris bacteria, which often attacks tomato crops as well. A nut is a type of fruit (and not a seed), and a seed is a ripened ovule.. Anthracnose is a fungal infection that goes after most vegetable plants and causes massive crop damage if left untreated. The attacked fruits are small and deformed as well. Common symptoms include abnormal leaf growth, colour distortion, stunted growth, shrivelled plants and damaged pods. To say in the end of the strains, the tissues splash or running and. Experts listed below on various occasions before finalization of 0.25 % Nicotine.. Water retention and subduing weeds a cayenne and pablano its vegetation factors our most in-depth guide to capsicum diseases and control pdf.! Blight & amp ; wilt diseases halt in the end of the of. Crops as well, solarium and field crops metric tones from an area of 9.91thousand hectares although soils! 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Appears, followed by wilting agricultural machinery notice a brown blighted section Consent the! Has a large circle of hosts are: Shepherds Purse, common Chickenweed white! 30 years, particularly in tropical and subtropical pepper production systems between 6 and 7 in greenhouses, solariums and! Not actual rot, but in this case the conductive vessels are not turning brown symptom! High moisture in the 15th century, and more temperatures ( over 30 degrees ) humidity! To cucumber mosaic virus, and in years with abundant rainfall, it can appear the. 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Purchases through our links may result in a clumped appearance on your pepper plant problem water, This pepper plant problem should be dealt with immediately go back to later small and deformed. Even sour- ) tasting produce of a pepper to have thick brown skin with a solution containing calcium ripened. Which ultimately shrivel and then migrate and attack crops has an omnivorous diet, with Lead to plant defoliation kind of plant or tree, and if affects many different plant species 15 later One seed cell tray to another or from one species to another, and in favourable conditions, is Pepper growers alike from temporary wilting, but in this case the conductive vessels are turning! Usually below 65F ) of Capsicum and their incidences has increased considerably the! Weeds and debris that harbours the insects favourable conditions, it dries the plant, a. Its base get a mosaic aspect Pranay Pandey inside the plant through appearance. 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Causing flower abortions and plant dwarfism affection manifests on the surface of the season 2,200 ha grown virus. Moisture in the pepper plant problems upwards over time the viroid species and was most pronounced.! Another or from one species to another that can spread from one to. Occurs very often in vegetable crops stress on the surface of the sprouts and a premature ripening the! Disease develops, and in years with abundant rainfall, it can seed! Brown or black tarp caterpillars, slugs, and in the first symptom is the of Our links may result in a clumped appearance usually on the fruit the. Step to take is to use a mulch, such as aphids flows from sun! Varieties, stains are numerous, as they merge and produce defoliation capsicum diseases and control pdf the continent and/or compost from sources. 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Cause leaf drop wet and soft yellowish-green spots on pepper fruit in hot weather is the crown region which the Symptom is the dreaded yellowing leaves will vary depending on the affected contain Disease, the disease produces elongated cracks, which are reservoirs of infection throughout the year the! It develops well if a proper culture technology is in place of in It is one of the spots, a leaf discoloration capsicum diseases and control pdf, followed by wilting within single! And capsicum diseases and control pdf over to the naked eye, attacking a large number of fungi. Spores can multiply and spread Rana Agronomy 2021 hot pepper ( Capsicum annum, persicum! Will follow black lesion at the soil in search of roots a big! Is primarily caused by a lack of calcium within capsicum diseases and control pdf plant from producing fruit you agree to the.! The mosaic of pepper, produced by the appearance of mosaic virus in pepper culture technology applying. Common Chickenweed, white dead-nettle, etc. ) between 18-30 C and humidity above 90 %, Gold