Edgar Pra studied Psychology, but switched to Film at the Portuguese National Conservatory, presently Lisbon Theatre and Film School (Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema). Around 300,000 people were forced to abandon their homes and retreat behind the lines, and over the winter of 1810-11 40,000 people are said to have died around Lisbon. Each district was allocated one Captain and one Lieutenant of Engineers:[17], The total number of troops available to Wellington amounted, exclusive of two battalions of marines around the Fort of So Julio, to 42,000 British, of whom 35,000 were combat ready together with over 27,000 Portuguese regulars, of whom 24,000 were combat ready; about 12,000 Portuguese militia; and 2030,000 ordenanas, a Portuguese militia force used mainly for guerrilla warfare. [8][11], The second section extended from Arruda to the west of Monte Agrao, which was crowned by the very large fort now known as the Fort of Alqueido, mounting twenty-five guns, with three smaller forts to support it. Work 116. The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts and other military defences built in secrecy to defend Lisbon during the Peninsular War.Named after the nearby town of Torres Vedras, they were ordered by Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, constructed by Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet, and his Portuguese workers between November 1809 and September 1810, and used to stop Marshal Massna's . Named after the nearby town of Torres Vedras, they were ordered by Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, constructed by Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet, and his Portuguese workers between November 1809 and September 1810, and used to stop French invasion 1810 offensive. Read more. Preview. Even after the French had retreated from Portugal, construction of the lines continued in expectation of their return, and in 1812 34,000 men were still working on them. See your selected contents and create your own Plan or Brochure, Enter your e-mail address and you will receive a message from Visitportugal. A possible eastern approach down the Tagus was protected with anchored gun boats. Work 119. The signal system had five stations: 4) Secrecy. He decided to strengthen the proposed evacuation area around the Fort of So Julio da Barra on the estuary of the River Tagus, near Lisbon. It is estimated that between October 1810 and March 1811 about 50,000 Portuguese died of hunger or disease. . To the west of Bucelas was a line of hill-top forts dominated by the Montachique mountain. Look through examples of Torres Vedras translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. Fortress 7. Then your choice of where to go and when is clearly mapped out. 4WD is advised for some of the Fortes since access is a bit dodgy, even if it is summer take some extra coat since in there in the hills it can be quite windy; expect to be amazed with some of the views; imagine the solders there defending the fortes Hotels near Museu Municipal Leonel Trindade, Hotels near Stio Arqueolgico Castro do Zambujal, Points of Interest & Landmarks in Torres Vedras, Boat Tours & Water Sports in Torres Vedras, 4WD, ATV & Off-Road Tours in Torres Vedras, Adrenaline & Extreme Tours in Torres Vedras, Historical & Heritage Tours in Torres Vedras, Zipline & Aerial Adventure Parks in Torres Vedras, Game & Entertainment Centers in Torres Vedras, Castelo de Torres Vedras: Tickets & Tours, Rock Climbing and Canyoneering Combo Trip near Zion National Park, Titanic Experience: Original White Star Line Ticket Office Guided Tours, Jeep Tours in Tusheti with local experienced English speaking Driver, Early Access to Chichen Itza All Inclusive with Valladolid and Cenote Swim, DAY TOUR OF ESWATINI (SWAZILAND) (Min. Named after the nearby town of Torres Vedras, they were ordered by Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, constructed by Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet, and his Portuguese workers between November 1809 and September 1810, and used to stop Marshal Massna's 1810 offensive. It is certainly astonishing that the enemy have been able to remain in this country so long; and it is an extraordinary instance of what a French army can do. Therefore a defensive system of three lines of towers was built, with a total of 152 fortified bulwarks and 600 pieces of artillery, defended by around 140,000 troops.The first line covered a 46 km extension between Alhandra, on the banks of the River Tejo and the Atlantic Ocean and Torres Vedras. The group will meet in Lisbon where we will spend the first night, using the opportunity to dive into the local culture and start to understand the impact of the events that happened 200 years ago along the Lines of Torres in the history of Europe. 'What Were The Lines of Torres Vedras? South Africa, Egypt, Morocco. 100% of travelers recommend this experience. Joo VI and the Portuguese court had fled to Brazil and the nation lived under the possibility of a third French occupation. Accompanied by an expert historian guide, travel to some of the 152 ancient forts that comprise the Lines of Torres; receive an in depth introduction to the Portuguese defensive system shrouded in more than 200 years of history, and admire the spectacular Portuguese countryside as you travel. Tu-Su 10:00-13:00, 14:00-18:00. f Cadiz, lines at Torres Vedras, actions at I^^^nha Casal Novo, Foz(rouce and Sabu^al ; battle of Fuentes dOnor, second siege of Badajoz, action at . [13] This was considered to be the third line. Torres Vedras Lines. 0:00 / 22:42. The new annual army list. The redoubt was protected by a ditch, normally 16ft wide and 12ft deep, with parapets 8 to 14ft thick fitted with fire steps and the redoubts were pallisaded. Work 114a. They left the lines and did not return for the rest of the Peninsular War. Re: Peninsular Campaign: Lines of Torres Vedras. [4] In the end, the First Line succeeded in holding the French and the Second Line was never required. First stop should be the Tourist Information centre in Torres Vedras itself and ask for the guide book; a superb buy at just 1. Also not to be missed is the Torres Vedras Castle of Moorish origin, and St. Vincent's Fort which was the nerve centre in the defence against Napoleonic troops which never managed to get past the 1st line of towers during the third invasion.In Mafra, the Convent should be visited; one of the most important monuments of the Portuguese Baroque and the symbol of the absolutist reign of King Joo V. Strategically situated on the 2nd line of defence, it was occupied by General Junot's troops during the 1st French invasion in 1807 and, one year later, retaken by the British army which maintained its General Staff Headquarters there until 1828.Historical noteRecalling a little of the Linhas de Torres history, we need to go back to 1809 when the Prince Regent Dom. Things to Do in Torres Vedras, Portugal: See Tripadvisor's 9,991 traveler reviews and photos of Torres Vedras tourist attractions. After losing 4,000 at the Battle of Buaco, he arrived at Torres Vedras with 61,000 men in October 1810 facing attrition warfare. (updated Dec 2020) Convento da Graa. Work 10. Anyone even vaguely interested in the Napoleonic erase should visit the region. Redoubt n.30 close to the ocean (Ponte do Rol). For further information, consult our policy for the use of cookies and privacy, where you can disable them. Lateral roads were constructed to enable swift movement of supporting troops, houses and walls demolished to clear fields of fire, hills were scarped to make an unclimbable precipice, and everything was organised to have channels where cross fire from artillery would decimate an attacking force. Send us a message. Following the battle of Bussaco on 27 September 1810 Wellington's heavily outnumbered troops began to withdraw towards Lisbon. The fourth line was built south of the Tagus in the Almada highs to hinder an eventual invasion coming from south, with an extension of 8,000 yards (7.3km): It had 17 redoubts and covered trenches, 86 pieces of artillery, defended by marines, and orderlies of Lisbon, for a total of 7,500 men. [1] He was also inspired by the Martello Towers along the English Channel coast. Excellent distribution of . Detailed Reviews: Reviews order informed by descriptiveness of user-identified themes such as cleanliness, atmosphere, general tips and location information. Book your tickets online for Lines of Torres Vedras, Torres Vedras: See 28 reviews, articles, and 3 photos of Lines of Torres Vedras, ranked No.4 on Tripadvisor among 27 attractions in Torres Vedras. . Work 104. See a map of Torres Vedras in Estremadura, just 40 km north of the capital . The station was reconstructed in 2008. 97% of travelers recommend this experience. However, initial work was limited due to lack of resources. Cabeci ou Outeiro tiles, Torres Vedras Lines Museum, Portugal Modern windmills are seen behind power lines in Torres Vedras, on the outskirts of Lisbon, July 9, 2008. . [21], The monument was constructed near the village of Alhandra in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, on the site of the Boavista redoubt (originally numbered as work Number 3). The fort of st Vincent was also well preserved and worth a walk round. Photos. Wellington, after surveying the area personally, ordered in his detailed memorandum dated 20 October 1809 the building of the Lines of Torres as a system of fortifications blockhouses, redoubts, ravelins, cuts of natural relief, etc. Work 120. ", "Monumento comemorativo das Linhas de Torres", "Historical route of the Lines of Torres Vedras", "Press release Winners of 2014 EU Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Awards announced", Complete list of the different military works (In Portuguese), 05 de Dezembro Caminhada de Sobral de Monte Agrao Forte do Alqueido, More details on the military fortifications, Lines of Torres Vedras Historical Trail: Guide, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lines_of_Torres_Vedras&oldid=1100393273. Castelo de Torres Vedras is a castle in Torres Vedras, Portugal. With the bicentennial of the Lines fast approaching the six municipalities set up an inter-municipal platform to move things forward and decided to apply for funding through the EEA and Norway Grants programme. The rugged and inhospitable area offered numerous possibilities for a stubborn rearguard fight from forts on many of the peaks.[5]. Massna's evacuation of Portugal in the spring of 1811 and the loss of Fuentes de Ooro (May 3-5) triumphantly justified Wellington's defensive, scorched-earth policy and . Would you like to request a different tour? The original purpose of the First Line was to only delay the French. Monte do Socorro close to Pro Negro, Wellington's headquarters. Use of the castle area goes back to Roman times as evidenced by the existence of two Roman cisterns, tombstones, coins and other artifacts. After looking at the screen shot, I'm guessing it means the only passable route is through the road. [13] The main forts along this line that remain identifiable are three forts on the Serra da Aguieira that served to support the Fort of Casa in its defence of the River Tagus as well as covering the Bucelas Gorge. Casualties had not been helped by the fact that the Iberian peninsula had suffered one of the coldest winters it had ever known. The lines of Torres Vedras were a system of defensive fortifications constructed by Wellington's engineers in 1809, and were situated 40 miles north of Lisbon to protect the city from French attack during the Peninsular War.They consisted of a series of forts and gun emplacements in three lines stretching some 30 miles from the river Tagus to the sea. We visit several of the 152 forts and redoubts that constitute this amazing and vast engineering work that was carried out by a small group of engineers and the local population in a remarkably short period of time. The three lines of Torres Vedras had redoubts and forts strategically placed in the top of hills, controlling the roads to Lisbon and using the natural obstacles of the land. 2 Linhas de Torres Vedras (Lines of Torres Vedras). Marshal Massna began his campaign with his army (l'Arme de Portugal) at 65,000 strong. I may be at Torres Vedras until then. Torres Vedras. The population as of 2011 was 83,075, [1] in an area of 407.15 square kilometres (157.20 sq mi). Search this site. There are a variety of visitor centres and museums and every one is fascinating. Podcasts on the Lines. if you like to imagine how battles were organized Only if you are a history freakthe majority are covered by grass. Massna shouted, "To the Devil with you! [3][9][4][8] The entire construction was carried out in great secrecy and the French never became aware of it. 131. Available for both RF and RM licensing. The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts built in secrecy to defend Lisbon during the Peninsular War. "Wellington has made them", replied someone. Marshal Massna had begun his campaign with his 65,000 strong army (l'Arme de Portugal). The majority of the defences were redoubts holding 200 to 300 troops and three to six cannon, normally 12-pounders, which could fire canister shot or cannonballs. Work 114. You will walk on the Lines of Torres Vedras, between the Tagus river and the Atlantic Ocean. This is what we aim to show you during a half-day, full day or two day tour of the Lines. Destinations. List of battleships of the United States Navy, The Lines of Torres Vedras: The Cornerstone of Wellington's Strategy in the Peninsular War 1809-1812, John Grehan, Spellmount, The lines of Torres Vedras. Your message. Primitive fortifications date back to the time of the Goths. [4][8], The work began on the main defensive works on 3 November 1809, initially at the Fort of So Julio da Barra and almost immediately afterwards at the Fort of So Vicente (St. Vincent) overlooking the town of Torres Vedras and at the Fort of Alqueido on top of Monte Agrao. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. 3 reviews. Work 121. NORRIS, A.H. e BREMNER, R. W., The lines of Torres Vedras. Read more Similar Books Compare Prices Add to Wish List Tag this book Add book review: Stories of Torres Vedras by John Gideon Millingen Pub. From the Pass of Mafra to the sea. Work 103. Everything was preserved as a secret, whose maintenance is as surprising as the building of the lines. Find out more about the Friends. more, Historic Sites Points of Interest & Landmarks. Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress - Beatrice of Portugal - Lines of Torres Vedras - Fort of So Vicente - Lus da Silva Mouzinho de Albuquerque - John I of Portugal - Battle of Vimeiro - A dos Cunhados e Maceira - Leonel Trindade Municipal Museum - Campelos e Outeiro da Cabea - Manuel Clemente - Joaquim Agostinho - Maxial e Monte Redondo - Castro of Zambujal - Torres Vedras (So . After his troubling . A great way to see the countryside by dipping in to the hundreds of forts and defence points built by Nelson in defence of Lisbon. . [22] This conservation work was awarded the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Awards in 2014.[23][24]. [5] Defences still visible in this section include the Fort of Subserra. Leonel . El mariscal Massna marchara sobre un territorio vaco y luego se vera frente a las Lneas de Torres Vedras. Reply to: The Lines of Torres Vedras. 23. . In December 1810, fearing a French attempt on the left of the Tagus, a chain of 17 redoubts was constructed from Almada to Trafaria. By the time he reached Torres Vedras, he had 61,000 men (after losing 4,000 at the Battle of Buaco). Torres Vedras Lines. Watch on. From north to south great undulations, created peaks that straddled deep valleys, great gullies and wide ravines. policy for the use of cookies and privacy, Ciudad Rodrigo, Fuentes de Ooro, Almeida and the Coa. Get notified by e-mail when a reply is posted. 28. To facilitate such movements a chain of five signal stations was established from one end of the First Line to the other, which allowed a message to be sent along the lines in 7 minutes, or from the HQ to any point in 4 minutes. Work 112. Wellington's first idea had been to construct the first line from Alhandra on the banks of the Tagus to Rio So Loureno on the Atlantic coast, with advanced works at Torres Vedras, Sobral de Monte Agrao, and other commanding points. Lisbon became a peninsula defended by a most efficient system of blockhouses. Aqueduto de Torres Vedras. Bremner 1980, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, More details on the military fortications. Full-day guided tour of the ancient Portuguese defensive system, the Lines of Torres, from Lisbon. The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts and other military defences built in secrecy to defend Lisbon during the Peninsular War. Enjoy a . Home. The tiles in the courtyard are amazing and the staff just wonderful. The Anglo-Portuguese Army was forced to retreat to the first line after winning the Battle of Buaco on 27 September 1810. The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts and other military defences built in secrecy to defend Lisbon during the Peninsular War. After his troubling Spanish experience at the Battle of Talavera, Wellington decided to strengthen Portugal. 'This is a well-researched, well-written, closely argued and . The first line, with an extension of 46km, binds Alhandra to the estuary of the Sizandro river. The Allies were reinforced by fresh British troops in 1811 and renewed their offensive. Aka Mr. Ego (scripts), Man-Kamera (image . If you book with Tripadvisor, you can cancel up to 24 hours before your tour starts for a full refund. Examples Add . The lines were built by Lord Wellington in 1809 -10 to protect Lisbon from the invading French, giving the Anglo-Portuguese army time to train and recruit for the next campaigning season. [12], The third section stretched from the west of Monte Agrao for nearly eight miles to the gorge of the river Sizandro, a little to south of Torres Vedras. 28 Related Articles [filter] Lines of Torres Vedras. British ships dominated the Portuguese coast and the Tagus estuary, so a waterborne invasion by the French was unlikely. In 1911, two plaques were added to acknowledge the contributions of Sir Richard Fletcher and of Jos Maria das Neves Costa, on whose original topographic maps Wellington based his plans for the Lines. According to the present Duke of Wellingon, writing in the foreword of Norris & Bremner's 'The Lines of Torres Vedras', the outcome of 'the spectacular nature of this defeat has never been fully appreciated by military historians'. A line of fortifications was built across the country using natural features and many of these forts are still there to be visited. Apart from some limited restoration of Fort St. Vincent in the 1960s the Lines had effectively lain abandoned from the end of the Peninsular War to the beginning of this millennium. The human cost was great for the local population, because of the privations they endured. Named after the nearby town of Torres Vedras, they were ordered by Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, constructed by Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet, and his Portuguese workers between November 1809 and September 1810, and used to stop Massna's 1810 offensive. And those redoubt/forts are just like a mountain that you cannot send your army over (which is why brits are camping an . *The password recovery instructions will be sent to your e-mail. Do you have any question? buffs interested in the Peninsula War, but there is much more to the area, in 95% of travelers recommend this experience. 100% (1/1) Recommended. 4. The line of interlinking fortifications (Lines of Torres Vedras or simply The Lines) are now a National Heritage site and can be walked to visit the remains still intact. South Africa, Egypt, Morocco. . Each redoubt was protected by a ditch or dry moat, with parapets, and was palisaded. Find out more about the Lines of Torres Vedras. Buying oat milk and coconut/almond milks 11:24 am; [2][3] After this retreat, Wellesley's forces advanced into Spain to join 33,000 Spanish troops under General Cuesta. The work was supervised by Fletcher, assisted by Major John Thomas Jones, and 11 other British Officers, four Portuguese Army Engineers, and two KGL officers. 92% of travelers recommend this experience. This fort was the strongest of all the forts of the Lines and has been heavily, but sympathetically, restored with stonework secured by concrete. The advance started from the Lines of Torres Vedras shortly after the French retreat. This provided for the invasion and subsequent division of Portuguese territory into three kingdoms. It can broadly be divided into three sections, from the Fort of Casa on the Tagus to Bucelas, from Bucelas to Mafra, and from Mafra to the sea, a total distance of 22 miles (35km). Great Museum in a wonderful town. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. Work 10. Do you need to book in advance to visit Lines of Torres Vedras? Peninsular War Invasion of Portugal, 1810-1811 [15] Mafra was one of the principle positions on the second line, with its defences being centred around the Tapada or royal park.[3]. Ian C. Robertson, Wellington at War in the Peninsular 1808-1814 An overview and guide, 2000. The third line consisted of a defensive perimeter with 3km, from Pao de Arcos to the Tower of Junqueira, protecting a beach of embarcation (St. Julian's) about 27km to the south of the second line, to be protected by British marines. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Stem. By Newy123. Work 110. On the 17th of April, 1810 Napoleon amassed an army of 86,000 men to launch an offensive against Portugal. Terms of Use and Personal Data Processing. [3][9] A fourth line, of which little remains, was built south of the Tagus opposite Lisbon to prevent a French invasion of the city by boat. The accommodations have a hot tub. In the words of his adversary, Arthur Wellesley, the 1st Duke of Wellington: "The decisive engagement of the war in . This book is about one of the cornerstones of Wellington's fight in the Peninsula, the Lines of Torres Vedras. When he eventually returned to Spain in April 1811, he had lost a further 21,000 men, mostly from starvation, severe illness and disease. Work 110. A great start to a day (or two) exploring Sharpe country and the Lines of Torres Vedras. Torres Vedras is the name of a chain of hills in Portugal, extending from a point on the seacoast about twenty miles north of the mouth of the Tagus across the country to a point situated about . The work began in the autumn of 1809 and the first line was finished one year later. Menu; Africa. The force assigned to this part of the Line was Picton's division. Named after the nearby town of Torres Vedras, they were ordered by Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, constructed by Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet, and his Portuguese workers between November 1809 and September 1810, and used to stop Marshal Massna's . To help alleviate the pace of the tour we introduce you to some of the local wines and gastronomy during the lunch break. And you have to bring a specialist in this period with you. The additional defences included 23 redoubts mounting 96 guns, besides a flotilla of gunboats to guard the right flank on the Tagus. This site records my visits to the works of the Torres Vedras lines and shares some of my sources. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. Massna's forces arrived at the lines on 11 October and took Sobral de Monte Agrao the following day. Even the British Ambassador in Lisbon appears to have been unaware of what was happening. Rivers were dammed, turning large areas into swamps, ravines were choked with abatis, miles of walls were built, some 16ft high. A small museum has been built in the hermitage that stood on the site before the fort was constructed and . By using this website you are consenting to our policy for the use of cookies. Monte Agrao itself was held by Pack's brigade with Anglo-Portuguese 5th Division (Leith's) in reserve behind it, while the less completely fortified country to the east was entrusted to the British Light Division. It is said that when Massna was first confronted by the Lines, he asked his staff why they had not known about them in advance. Massna's forces arrived at the lines on 11 October and took Sobral de Monte Agrao the following day. One of the coldest winters the area had ever seen hit Portugal and killed many of the French forces. Named after the nearby town of Torres Vedras, they were ordered by Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, constructed by Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet, and his Portuguese workers between November 1809 and September 1810, and used to stop French invasion 1810 offensive. Gain valuable insight into Portuguese history from your expert guide. Work 118. Named after the nearby town of Torres Vedras, they were ordered by Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, constructed by Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet, and his Portuguese workers between November 1809 and September 1810, and used to stop French invasion 1810 offensive. Roads were also built to enable troops to move rapidly between forts. The second line was situated 13 km further south and the third line protected the port of So Julio da Barra (St. Julian of the Bar), right in the river estuary, in Lisbon. This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in the United States. The column used marble from the parish of Pro Pinheiro in Sintra municipality. Subcategories. However, to guard against the possibility that the French would try to bypass the lines to the north of Lisbon by heading south along the left bank of the Tagus and then approaching Lisbon by boat, a fourth line was built south of the Tagus in the Almada area. Both lines extended more than 80km. Funding was granted in 2007. Lastly, the Marquis of la Romana contributed 8,000 Spanish troops to the lines around Mafra. Edgar Henrique Clemente Pra (born 19 November 1960) is a Portuguese filmmaker.Pra is also a fine artist and a graphic comics artist . The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts built in secrecy to defend Lisbon during the Peninsular War. The first line had 534 artillery pieces. Over 200 years old, the string of Napoleonic Wars forts known as the Linhas de Torres at Torres Vedras are the visible remains of the struggle between the Portuguese and the French for sovereignty that occurred at the beginning of the 19th Century.The Torres Vedras region had an overwhelmingly important role in defending the city of Lisbon against Napoleon's troops that were advancing towards the Portuguese kingdom's capital. Wellington had underestimated the French ability to forage, even in apparently desolate countryside. The visitors' centre has well-produced historic wall displays and a 20 min video. By some estimates 40,000 died. Work 116a. Asia. Only one report appeared in the London newspapers, a major source of information for Napoleon. The Lines of Torres Vedras are the most remarkable set of fortifications from the Napoleonic Wars, where major military maneuvers with the confrontation of troops took place in Sobral, Arruda dos Vinhos and Vila Franca de Xira. The cost was around 100,000, one of the least expensive but most remunerative military investments in history. Closer to Mafra, overlooking the town of Malveira, was the Fort of Feira, which was at the centre of a complex of 19 strongholds in the second Line. . Short code: FOR 7. With garden views, Lines of Wellignton is located in Torres Vedras and has free WiFi. Work 11. In October 1809, Wellington, drawing on topographical maps prepared by Jos Maria das Neves Costa, and making use of a report that was prepared for General Junot in 1807, surveyed the area north of Lisbon with Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Richard Fletcher. The Lines were declared a National Heritage by the Portuguese Government in March 2019.[1]. In the event of failure even in the face of all these precautions, a very powerful line, 2 miles (3.2km) long, was thrown up around the Fort of So Julio da Barra on the Tagus estuary to cover a retreat and any embarkation if it became necessary. Work 111. They have become known as one of the biggest lines of defences still in existence in Europe.The goal was to build a number of fortifications that would occupy the most strategic points north of Lisbon, taking advantage of the region's topography along six municipalities: Arruda dos Vinhos, Loures, Mafra, Sobral de Monte Agrao, Vila Franca de Xira and Torres Vedras. Work 112. The Lines of Torres Vedras is an authoritative account of the planning, construction and occupation of the Lines and of the battles, sieges and horrors of the French invasion. The second line, 13km to the south, has 39km and binds the Pvoa de Santa Iria to Ribamar. Friends of theLines of Torres Vedras. Find the perfect lines of torres vedras stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews. To promote and support the preservation of the Lines of Torres Vedras. Torres Vedras is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Lisbon, approximately 40 kilometres (20 mi) north of the capital Lisbon in the Oeste region, in the Centro of Portugal.. History. The building of the lines took, surprisingly, only 10 to 11 months. After driving in the Anglo-Portuguese skirmish line on 13 October, the VIII Corps tried to push forward on the 14th. In preparation for another French invasion of Portugal, Wellington ordered the construction of a series of defences around Lisbon, known as the Lines of Torres Vedras. It had 17 redoubts and covered trenches, 86 pieces of artillery, and was defended by marines and orderlies from Lisbon, with a total of 7,500 men.[3]. | With Historian Mike Loades'You can watch the full episode on History Hit TV: https://historyhit1.vhx.tv/videos/line-.
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